Section 34 Fiber Reinforced Plastic Gratings

3401. Application

1. The requirements of this Section apply to tests and inspection for the type approval of fiber re-

inforced plastic(hereinafter refer to FRP) gratings used in gangway for safe access in accordance with the requirements in Pt 4, Ch 4, Sec 5 of the Guidance.

2. In case where gratings used in lieu of steel gratings other than FRP gratings, the this Section can be applied.

3. The manufacturers wishing to obtain the approval of the Society for FRP gratings

to tanker bows

requirements of used in service

location specified in Table 3.34.1 other than gangway are to comply with the requirements of this

Chapter.

3402. Data to be submitted

The following reference data are to be submitted to the Society in addition to those specified in

102.

(1) Dimensions of gratings

(2) Design temperature

(3) Installation locations and serviceable life

(4) The level of fire integrity

(5) Electrostatic property

(6) Installation instructions(including precautions to be taken at work site, repari procedures and cri- teria for determining whether repairs are necessary or not)

(7) Details of marking

(8) Drawings and supporting documentation

(a) Certificates and reports for relevant tests previously carried out

(b) Details of relevant standards

(c) All relevant design drawings, catalogues, data sheets, calculations and functional descriptions

(d) Fully detailed sectional assembly drawings showing gratings

(9) Materials

(a)

The resin type

(b) The reinforcement type

(c)

(d)

(e)

A detailed statement of all reinforcements employed in cases where a reference number for the filament winding process is not specified

Full information regarding the type of gel-coat or thermoplastic liner employed during con- struction, as appropriate.

Cure/post-cure conditions. The cure and post cure temperatures and times employ resin/re- inforcement ratio.

(f) Winding angle and orientation.

(10) Packing and marking methods

(11) Process of manufacture

(12) Service records

(13) The outline of company and data on major manufacturing facilities

(14) Data of quality control system

(15) Documents on types of joints and working procedures

(16) Details on the bonding procedures

(a) Bonding method and material used

(b) Joints and Tools with fixtures

(c)

Cure temperature

(d) Dimensional requirements and tolerance

(e) Test acceptance criteria upon completion of the assembly

3403. Type tests

1. General

(1) The type tests specified in Par 2, 3, 4 and 5 are to be carried out in the presence of the Surveyor where the submitted documents are considered acceptable.

228 Guidance for Approval of Manufacturing Process and Type Approval, Etc. 2015

(2) Applicants are to submit the test plan describing the test place, testing procedure, etc., in advance.

(3) It is recommended that the above test plan is submitted with application form letter.

(4) Test samples are to be picked out, in general, from the products by the direction of the Surveyor upon the survey at confirmation survey.

(5) Three copies of the test record are to be submitted to the Society.

(6) The type tests may be omitted when the test is carried out at a recognized testing organization and the test records are to be submitted to the Society.

2. Fire integrity test

The service and locations for fire integrity test are to comply with the requirements specified in

Table 3.34.1. The definitions and test procedures for L1, L2, L3 are also to be as follows.

Tabel 3.34.1 Level for fire integrity

Guidance for Approval of Manufacturing Process and Type Approval, Etc. 2015 229

(1) Definitions

(A) Level 1 (L1): FRP gratings meeting the L1 performance criteria are intended to be sat- isfactory for use in escape routes or access for firefighting, emergency operation or rescue, after having been exposed to a significant hydrocarbon or cellulosic fire incident. In addition they are also acceptable for the services and functions described for levels L2 and L3.

(B) Level 2 (L2): FRP gratings meeting the L2 performance criteria are intended to be sat-

isfactory for use in open deck areas where groups of people are likely to assemble such as temporary safe refuge or lifeboat embarkation areas. In addition they are also acceptable for the services and functions described for level L3.

(C) Level 3 (L3): FRP gratings meeting the L3 performance criteria are intended to be sat- isfactory for use in egress routes and any areas that may require access for firefighting, res- cue or emergency operations during exposure to or shortly after exposure to a transitory hy- drocarbon or cellulosic fire.

(2) Level 1 - To be qualified as L1, the FRP gratings shall meet the requirements for qualification as level 3 and level 2, and in addition shall be subjected to the following test procedures:

(A) Three FRP grating specimens, after being subjected to the level 2 testing, shall be unloaded and prepared for impact testing in the manner specified for horizontal specimens in ASTM

E 695(Standard Method of Measuring Resistance of Wall, Floor, and Roof Construction to

Impact Loading). The test specimens shall be secured as required in section 8.3 of ASTM E 695 except that the span shall be 200 mm less than the specimen length. A lead shot bag of 40 kg mass shall be dropped once from a height of 2 m such that the point of impact is in the center of the span. The specimens shall then be uniformly loaded as required by the level 2 test procedures.

(B) The test will be considered successful if all three specimens remain intact after being sub- jected to the impact test and the level 2 loading test. Failure will be indicated by collapse

of one or more of the gratings.

(3) Level 2 - To be qualified as L2, the FRP gratings shall meet the requirements for qualification as level 3, and in addition shall be subjected to the following test procedures:

(A) On the FRP grating specimen and the steel grating specimen subjected to the level 3

post-loaded testing, the specimen shall be gradually loaded in increments not to exceed 20kg, placed in such a manner as to represent a uniformly distributed loaded across the span.

(B) The test will be considered successful if the FRP grating remains intact at a load greater than or equal to a uniform 4.5 kN/m2 or greater than or equal to the steel grating failure

loading, whichever is less. Failure will be indicated by collapse of the grate.

(4)

Level 3 - To be qualified as L3, the FRP gratings should be subjected to the following fire test procedures for both the post-loaded and pre-loaded tests and conditions:

(A) A fire test will be conducted in accordance with ASTM E 119(Standard Test Method for Tests of Building Construction and Materials). Two tests shall be conducted in the ASTM E

119 furnace for each FRP grating design. The first fire test shall be conducted with the

specimens under the specified load (pre-loaded) and the second fire test will be conducted on unloaded specimens (post-loaded). The time-temperature curve shall be the standard for

ASTM E 119 or the ISO equivalent.

(B) Each test specimen shall be 300~350mm wide to allow for the differences in the spacing of longitudinal supporting members. The length of each test specimen shall be the length of

the maximum span to be seen in service plus 200mm. Four test specimens shall be pre- pared as described above; two of the proposed FRP gratings and two of a similar steel gra-

tings that would be used in the same location constructed to the applicable regulations and standards. And steel gratings rated at a minimum of 4.5kN/m2 uniform loading with a 1.67

factor of safety are acceptable.

(C) The pre-loaded test shall consist of the following.

(a) One steel grating specimen and one FRP grating specimen shall be placed adjacent to one another in the furnace simply supported on two I-beams with a minimum flange width of 100mm at an elevation of at least one half of the furnace height or a mini- mum of 300mm above the burners;

(b)

(c)

The specimens shall be placed on the I-beams such that 100mm of each side of the specimen rests on each of the two I-beams;

A static load represented by a 40kg mass shall be placed in the center span of the test specimens;

230 Guidance for Approval of Manufacturing Process and Type Approval, Etc. 2015

(d) The 40kg mass load shall consist of a steel container filled with sand, the base of which shall be square with an area of 0.09 m2.

(e) Arrangements shall be made to measure the deflection at the center of the span of each

of the loaded specimens during the test with a degree of accuracy of ±5mm.

(f) The two specimens shall be subjected to the time-temperature curve specified in the

ASTM E 119;

(g)

(h)

Deflection of the two loaded test specimens shall be measured throughout the duration of the fire test and the average furnace temperature shall be recorded when each of the two specimens has deflected a distance of L/10(failure point) from the horizontal where L is equal to the maximum unsupported span of the specimens; and

The test will be considered successful if the difference between the average furnace temperature at the time of failure of the steel grating and the average furnace temper- ature at the time of failure of the FRP grating is less than 100°C (180 °F).

(D) The post-loaded test shall consist of the following.

(a) One steel grating specimen and one FRP grating specimen shall be placed adjacent to one another in the furnace simply supported on two I-beams with a minimum flange width of 100mm at an elevation of at least one half of the furnace height;

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

The specimens shall be placed on the I-beams such that 100mm of each side of the specimen rests on each of the two I-beams;

The two specimens shall be subjected to the time-temperature curve specified in the

ASTM E 119 for a duration of 60minutes;

At the end of the 60minutes the specimens will be allowed to cool and shall then be subjected to a static load represented by the 40kg mass specified in the pre-loaded test above, placed in the center span of the test specimens; and

The test will be considered successful if the FRP grating specimen is intact at the end of the test and does not collapse under the 40kg mass load.

3. Fire retardance test

All FRP gratings should

be fire retardant; this can be demonstrated by testing to ASTM E

84(Standard Test Method for the Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials) with a

flame spread rating not to

exceed 25 or by meeting the requirements in 4. (1) or (2) below.

4. Flame spread and Surface flammability test

All FRP gratings, except those fitted on open decks and within tanks, cofferdams, void spaces, pipe tunnels and ducts, should have low flame spread and surface flammability characteristics as de- termined by one of the following test procedures. FRP gratings to comply with the requirements of 3401. 1. should have low flame spread and surface flammability characteristics as determined by

(2) of the following test procedures:

(1) When testing to ASTM E 84 for flame spread characteristics, the flame spread rating is not to exceed 20; or

(2) The test for surface flammability is to comply with the requirements specified in Table 3.26.7.

of this Guidance(refer to FTP Code, Annex 1, Part 5 and IMO Res. MSC. 307(88)). The criteria established for materials used for bulkheads, linings, or ceilings are to be complies with.

5. Smoke and toxicity test

FRP gratings within accommodation, service and control spaces, should have low smoke character- istics as determined by one of the following test procedures. FRP gratings to comply with the re- quirements of 3401. 1. should have low smoke and toxicity characteristics as determined by (2) of the following test procedures:

(1) When testing to ASTM E 84

exceed 10; or

(2) Smoke and toxicity test are to

for smoke characteristics, the smoke developed rating is not to

comply with the requirements specified in Table 3.26.8. of this

Guidance(refer to FTP Code, Annex 1, Part 2 and Part 5,

Annex 4). The criteria established

for materials used for bulkheads, linings, or ceilings are to be complies with.