Section 2 Definition

201. Definition

The definitions of terms which appear in this Guidance are to be as specified in this Section.

1. New technology or novel design is a technology or design that has no documented track record in a given field of application. This implies that a new technology is either:

(1) a technology that has no track record in a known field;

(2) a proven technology in a new environment; or

(3) a technology that has no track record in a new environment.

2. Risk-based design is a design where the design process has been supported by a risk assessment or the design basis has resulted from a risk assessment. That is, it is a structured and systematic methodology aimed at ensuring safety performance and cost-effectiveness by using risk analysis and cost-benefit assessment.

3. Risk-based approval is to review and approve of an innovative novel design or a risk-based design.

4. Design team is the entity that carries out the design development and analyses for a novel design or a risk-based design. The team is established by the owner, builder or designer, which may in- clude a representative of the owner, builder or designer and experts having the necessary knowledge and experience for the specific evaluation at hand. Other members may include marine surveyors, ship operators, safety engineers, equipment manufacturers, human factor experts, naval architects and marine engineers.

5. Approval team is the entity that approve a novel design or a risk-based design. The team is es- tablished by the Society' staff in charge of approval of risk-based design and experts designated by the Society.

6. Generic design is a design at a level where at least an estimate may be possible. In the generic design, ship's primary system and target function are to be clearly defined. The generic design is to include the whole shape of the ship, arrangement of major compartment, structural fea- tures and material of main part, dimension of main structural member, arrangement and specifi- cation of major systems, manner to obtain target system function and major operating characteristic.

7. Detailed design is a design at a level where a purchase, manufacture and installation may be possible. All details to concerning construction of target ship are to be completed, and all in- formation related to installation or operation is to be specifically identified. In addition to the com- pleted generic design, the detailed design complies with the results of the generic design with re- spect to specific dimension of all structures, detailed arrangement and specification of all installed equipments, detailed specifications of related components, construction methods, work methods etc.

8. Validity demonstration of design is to confirm realization possibility for intentive target functions. The main works are to confirm compatibility with the requirements identified by operat- ing risk-based approval process.

9. Safety demonstration of design is to confirm that risks of design are at acceptable level. Risk

levels are evaluation

estimated through risk analysis and safety is demonstrated by comparing them with risk criteria.

10.Survey requirements are requirements for an assortment of surveys, checks, monitors, maintains, tests, etc. during construction/operation; the least restrictions necessary to continually ensure/maintain safety level confirmed by final approval, related to construction, manufacture, and operation phases of design target.

11.Accident is an unintended event involving fatality, injury, ship loss or damage, other property loss or damage, or environmental damage.

12. Accident scenario is a sequence of events from the initiating event to one of the final stages.

13.Design casualty scenario is a set of conditions that defines the development and severity of a casualty within and through ship space(s) or systems and describes specific factors relevant to a casualty of concern.

14.Reliability is the probability that a component or system performs its required function without failure during a specified time interval.

15. Failure mode is the observed mechanism or manner in which a failure can occur.

16.ALARP(As Low As Reasonably Practicable) refers to a level of risk that is neither negligibly low nor intolerable high. ALARP is actually the attribute of a risk, for which further investment of resources for risk reduction is not justifiable.

17.Safety is the freedom from unacceptable risk or the absence of unacceptable levels of risk to life, limb and health from unwilful acts.

18.Risk is a measure of the likelihood that an undesirable event will occur together with a measure of the resulting consequence within a specified time, i.e. a combination of the frequency and the severity of the consequence.

19. Hazard is a potential to threaten human life, health, property or the environment

20. Hazard identification(HAZID) is a process to find and list hazards.

21.Risk assessment is an integrated array of analytical techniques, e.g. reliability, availability and maintainability engineering, statistics, decision theory, systems engineering, human behaviour, etc. that can successfully integrate diverse aspects of design and operation in order to assess risk.

22. Risk evaluation criteria are formally recognized objective criteria defining the acceptable risk.

23.Risk control measure(RCM) is a means of controlling a single element or risk; typically, risk control is achieved by reducing either the consequences or the frequencies; sometimes it could be a combination of the two.

24.Preliminary approval is the process by which the Society issues a certificate that a proposed ge- neric design complies with the intent of the rules or recognized standard, subject to a list of con- ditions that must be addressed in the final design stage.

25.Final approval is the process by which the Society issues a certificate that a proposed novel de- sign complies with the intent of rules or recognized standard and conditions identified during the preliminary approval stage are to be demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Society.

26.Approval in Principle(AIP) is the process by which the Society issues a certificate that a pro- posed novel design complies with the intent of rules or recognized standard from both safety and functional perspectives although the design may not yet be fully evolved.

27.Safety Management System is a structured and documented system enabling company personnel to effectively implement the company safety and environmental protection policy.